Sequence containers

vector list deque array forward_list

deque is not guaranteed to store all its elements in contiguous storage locations but has efficient insertion and deletion of elements at the beginning and end of a sequence.
Unlike the other standard containers, array has a fixed size.
Forward lists are sequence containers that allow constant time insert and erase operations anywhere within the sequence.
forward_list has been designed with efficiency in mind. By design, it is as efficient as a simple handwritten C-style singly-linked list, and in fact is the only standard container to deliberately lack a size member.

Container adapters

stack queue priority_queue

By default, if no container class is specified for a particular priority_queue class instantiation, the standard container vector is used.
priority_queue is a heap

set map multiset multimap

multiset, set and map are typically implemented as binary search trees.
map is generally slower than unordered_map containers to access individual elements by their key, but it allows the direct iteration on subsets based on their order.

unordered_multiset unordered_map unordered_multimap unordered_set

unordered_set is faster than set containers to access individual elements by their key.